Morphology
- Virions consist of a capsid.
- Virus capsid is not enveloped, round with icosahedral
symmetry.
- The isometric capsid diameter : 50 nm.
- The capsid shells of virions are composed of multiple
layers.
- Capsids appear round. The capsomer arrangement is
clearly visible.
Replication
- Replication
Definition
: compounds that have some antimicrobial activity
from nature source
① plant origin
green chemicals
Spices and herbs are well known to inhibit
bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
② Microbial origin
Biopreservatives
main stream field of study is the use of
lactic acid bacteria(LAB).
Definition
host-synthesized, l
1. Introduction
1) Definition of preservation and food-spoilage micro-organisms
Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or greatly slow down spoilage (loss of quality, edibility or nutritive value) caused or accelerated by micro-organisms. Some methods, however, use benign bacteria, yeasts or fungi to add specific qualities and to preserve food (e.g., cheese, wine
MAPK에 대한 초기 연구는 동물세포가 growth factor를 인식하여 signal을 세포 안으로 전달하여 mitogen을 activation 시키는 mechanism을 밝히는 과정에서 시작되었다.
세포막 안으로 Growth facrot의 signal이 전달되면, Grb2가 Sos에 bindin화고, 이는 Ras-GDP를 Ras-GTP로 바꿔준다. 이는 Raf라는 MAPKKK(MAP kinanse kinase kinase)를 phosph
plant?
What?
Forward me everything regarding
the five spirits collected.
Yes, doctor.
l thought we werent supposed to
use the s word.
Dont get smart with me.
Now lets see if
that plant does the trick.
lts a match. Weve found it.
Yes.
The sixth spirit.
You broke nearly every protocol.
How long do you think this would
have survived outside?
There are elements in the council and
military waiting to
pathogenicity) (5) 독력(毒力, virulence) (5) 외계에서의 생존능력 등이며, 일반적으로 질병별 감염의 경중은 병원성(발병력)과 독성의 두 가지 척도로 측정할 수 있다. 병원성(Pathogenecity)이란 감염된 숙주에게 질병을 일으킬 수 있는 능력을 말하는데 발병력 또는 병원력이라고 하며, 병원성이 낮으면 2차 발병
1. Objects
To understand Plant stress responses
To find glucose responses on plant germination and growth.
To understand plant glucose and hormonal interplay
2. Introduction
▶ Plant stress
External conditions that adversely affect growth,
development, or productivity
Stresses trigger a wide range of plant responses:
altered gene expression
cellular metabolism
changes in g
pathogenic bacteria in the United States is not known with accuracy, it was estimated in 1994 by a task force of the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) that the number of cases likely range from 6.5 million to 33 million annually and that deaths may be as high as 9,000 annually. The United States Department of Agricultures (USDA) Economic Research Service estimates that diseas